Universities existed in MENA long before they did in Europe. Three of the world's major religions originated in the region - Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The Middle East is home to various civilizations and urban cultures. The areas of Kurdish settlement were nevertheless divided among Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran, accprdomg to resources. Not only Arabs’ hope for a nation-state was hastened, so was the hopes of some minority groups such as the Kurds who were also promised an independent state by the Allies in 1920. Britain controlled Palestine, Iraq, and Jorden.France was given mandates, through the League of Nations, to control Syria and Lebanon.Sykes-Picot divided the Middle East as the following: In 1920, Britain and France divided the Ottoman Arab provinces along the lines of the Sykes-Picot Agreement with borders drawn up entirely by these colonial powers. Through this agreement, Britain and France decided to divide up the Middle East between themselves into areas of direct or indirect control. The Arabs, however, were not aware of the Sykes-Picot Agreement that British and French had secretly made. Britain on its part wanted to align with Arabs to fight Germany some Arab states were persuaded to join the British as they were promised to be given their independence after the war. ![]() During World War I, the Ottoman Empire joined forces with the Germans and Austro-Hungarian. European powers have redrawn the map of the Middle East after World War II shaping the Middle East that we see today. In fact, one century ago, the Middle East looked nothing like today it was entirely different. When addressing the politics of the Middle East, it is important to refer to the history of the region because much of the root cause conflicts that we witness today lie back to its history. MC 327 The Middle East Home General Opinion Refugees Politics History of the Middle East
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